新闻动态
王 品 （上海交通大学外国语学院 马丁适用语言学研究中心）
Abstract: This paper investigates the functional grammar of the Manchu language with a principal focus on verbal groups, based on a folktale in Manchu Veritable Records. The verbal group is positioned as the final structural element of a Manchu clause, involved in creating experiential (event, tense, voice), interpersonal (mood, polarity) and logical (clause and verbal group complexing) functions. Some of the functions are performed at group rank by auxiliaries, some at word rank by suffixation on the event verb. The descriptive account also includes the verbal groups’ involvement in embedding. To facilitate descriptions, system networks are drawn up at various stages to capture the paradigmatic oppositions and interdependencies among different systems. Listed as one of the ‘critically endangered’ languages by UNESCO, the Manchu language has not yet been described, recorded or analyzed from the systemic functional perspective. Within the theoretical framework of systemic functional grammar, this paper attempts to account for one particular aspect of Manchu grammar, in a bid to expand the appliability of Systemic Functional Linguistics and make it contribute effectively to the description and preservation of endangered languages.
本文由分析《满洲实录》记载的一则民间故事入手，探讨满语的功能语法特征，重点关注动词词组。满语的动词词组位于小句的末位，负责体现经验功能（事件、时态、语态）、人际功能（语气、极性）及逻辑功能（小句及动词词组复合）。部分功能通过助动词体现于词组层级，部分功能通过后缀体现于词层级。本研究同时涉及动词词组的嵌入问题。满语属阿尔泰语系通古斯语族满语支，曾经是满族人的母语以及中国最后一个封建王朝——清朝的官方语言之一。如今大部分满族人已不懂满语，改用汉语。满语作为一种被联合国教科文组织界定为“重度濒危”的中国少数民族语言，至今尚未有系统功能语言学描述、记录和分析。本文尝试以系统功能语法为理论基础，对满语语法的局部进行描写和解释，以期扩大系统功能语言学的适用范围，使系统功能语言学在濒危语言描写和保护方面发挥积极作用。
Wang, P. (2018) Verbal groups in Manchu: a systemic functional account, WORD, 64:3, 157-176, DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2018.1490424
